ERIC Number: EJ945305
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2011-Oct
Pages: 11
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0022-0167
EISSN: N/A
The Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale (REMS): Construction, Reliability, and Validity
Nadal, Kevin L.
Journal of Counseling Psychology, v58 n4 p470-480 Oct 2011
Racial microaggressions are subtle statements and behaviors that unconsciously communicate denigrating messages to people of color. In recent years, a theoretical taxonomy and subsequent qualitative studies have introduced the types of microaggressions that people of color experience. In the present study, college- and Internet-based samples of African Americans, Latina/os, Asian Americans, and multiracial participants (N = 661) were used to develop and validate the Racial and Ethnic Microaggression Scale (REMS). In Study 1, an exploratory principal-components analyses (n = 443) yielded a 6-factor model: (a) Assumptions of Inferiority, (b) Second-Class Citizen and Assumptions of Criminality, (c) Microinvalidations, (d) Exoticization/Assumptions of Similarity, (e) Environmental Microaggressions, and (f) Workplace and School Microaggressions, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.912 for the overall model and subscales ranging from 0.783 to 0.873. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis (n = 218) supported the 6-factor model with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.892. Further analyses indicate that the REMS is a valid measure of racial microaggressions, as evidenced by high correlations with existing measures of racism and participants' feedback. Future research directions and implications for practice are discussed. (Contains 5 tables.)
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), College Students, Measures (Individuals), Factor Analysis, Asian Americans, Validity, Reliability, Ethnic Groups, Racial Discrimination, Classification, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Multiracial Persons, Correlation, Stress Variables, Anxiety, Mental Health, Physical Health, Adults, Aggression, Ethnicity, Minority Groups
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A