This study explored questions about whether there is a positive or negative relationship between student computer use and achievement, and whether the result vary by the amount of school or home computer use. Findings from the Idaho Statewide Testing Program for 31,000 students from more than 300 schools show that in general there is an inverse relationship between in-school computer use and student achievement. However, there is an overall positive relationship between student achievement and computer proficiency (reported capability with a variety of software). It is important to note that the student software capability is related to use both at school and at home. Because of the differing interpretations that are possible and the importance of the topic, caution is urged. Researchers and policy makers must think carefully when interpreting correlational results between achievement and student technology use measures, regardless of whether the direction of the proposed relationship is positive or negative. (Author/SLD)