This report provides basic information about some 140 federal programs and tax provisions affecting children and their families. It contains brief descriptions of each program/tax rule, participation and funding information (to the extent available), and table summaries of selected program characteristics, such as how benefits and services are targeted by age, income, and other factors, and administrative arrangements and matching requirements. The programs described include 37 programs or tax rules providing for education and training, 21 programs or rules for health care, 19 programs or rules for housing, 19 programs and rules for income support, 9 programs for nutrition needs, and 34 programs or rules for social services. Slightly more than half the number of programs support education and training and social services, including child care, but the majority of federal funds directed at children and families are concentrated in programs and tax provisions that support family income and basic health care, housing, and nutrition needs. About 30% of the federal initiatives for children and families restrict benefits and services to low-income groups, and another 25% emphasize these groups. Programs described as pertaining to education and training include a wide range of programs, such as bilingual education charter schools, programs for early childhood education, and school-to-work initiatives. Among the tax provisions related to education are welfare-to-work tax credits and the work opportunity credit. (Contains 30 tables.) (SLD)