This document contains a synthesis paper and four case studies of cooperation with the world of work in vocational and technical education (VTE) in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Sweden. "Synthesis" (R. Barry Hobart) considers the common social and economic variables affecting VTE in the four study countries. The three case studies focusing on cooperation at the policy level are as follows: "The Policy Level: Hungary" (Andras Benedek); "The Policy Level: Romania" (Cesar Birzea, Mihaela Jigau, Florentina Anghel); and "The Policy Level: Sweden" (Nils Friberg, Marianne Lindberg). Among the topics discussed in those papers are the following: socioeconomic transitions during the past decade; new actors and priorities; changes in legislation; labor market training and continuing vocational education; and cooperation between enterprises and professional training institutions. The fourth case study, "The Institution Level: The Russian Federation" (Institute for Development of Vocational Education of the Russian Federation), examines the following: primary factors capable of affecting cooperation among professional training and education establishments and enterprises; instruments of cooperation; barriers hampering cooperation; cooperation in training the unemployed and jobless population; and inductive measures for promoting cooperation between educational institutions and enterprises at the level of training. (MN)