This publication is a collection of selected papers from the conference on science education in developing countries. The goals of this conference were to review past experiences about theory and practice in science education in both developed and developing countries, identify factors influencing successful practice around the world, distinguish priorities for science education in the 21st century, and develop a plan for action for achieving these priorities. The overview chapter which is based mainly on the Keynote addresses and Plenary sessions focuses on the following themes: goals and needs in science education, a look at the educational system, a look at the learner and the teacher, and assessment and feedback in science education. The papers included reflect a number of important issues relating to the nature of contemporary science education research and its implication for practice, whether in a developed or in a developing country. The chapters are organized around the main conference strands: The Learner, The Teacher, The Classroom, and the Curriculum. (JRH)