Studies indicate that men and women utilize different moral orientations and leadership styles in their various leadership roles. The concept of moral orientation, or the way in which individuals respond to moral dilemmas, is important to the study of leadership because a leader's orientation shapes a person's values, behaviors, and leadership styles. Moral orientation takes two major forms: a justice/rights orientation and a care/connectedness orientation. The justice/rights orientation toward moral reasoning emphasizes the movement toward objectivity and universality as the ideal and requires that agents treat others fairly and avoid interfering with their rights. Individuals using the care/connectedness orientation weigh attachment and care as the primary basis for moral decisions; these agents are concerned with the needs of others and step forward into a situation to provide care. Leaders having a justice/rights orientation are sensitive to and fear being oppressed or oppressing others, while those having a care/connectedness orientation feel similarly about abandoning others or being abandoned. All leaders manifest behaviors in both orientations, but most people will respond more often out of one orientation than the other. The two orientations are gender-related but not gender specific, with more men found in the justice/rights orientation and more women in the care/connectedness orientation. (MAB)