Effective ways to implement the multicultural education demanded by contemporary social issues and demographic changes may be through interdisciplinary approaches or curriculum integration such as those proposed by James Banks and other authors. Banks defines multicultural education as "an education reform movement designed to restructure schools...so that students from all social class, racial, cultural, and gender groups will have an equal opportunity to learn." Banks' curriculum reform includes: the "Contributions Approach," typically found in elementary schools; the "Additive Approach," which adds a book or course to an established curriculum; the "Transformation Approach," which changes the structure of the curriculum; and the "Decision-making and Social Action Approach," which explores social issues and provides opportunities for social action. Hilda Taba, cited by Banks, has developed a key concept curriculum in which a multicultural theme is incorporated across disciplines. Geneva Gay posits that multicultural education content can be incorporated in a curriculum in at least six ways. Leonard and Patricia Davidman in a 1994 book, "Teaching with a Multicultural Perspective: A Practical Guide," provide sample units from integrated subject areas. A nationally validated approach to multicultural curriculum is Project REACH. Donna Norton has described an approach for the language arts curriculum. A brief description of Norton's approach is attached. (JB)