This monograph examines selected issues in the design and conduct of program and project evaluation in developing countries, with a focus on the evaluation of international technical assistance programs. Chapter 1 introduces the evolving role of efficiency criteria in the evaluation of educational systems. Chapter 2 provides detail on the nature of internal efficiency, its operationalization, and the special efficiency issues that exist in the developing world. The major constraints on educational efficiency enhancement efforts in developing nations are also discussed. The third chapter discusses the nature of the evaluation process (as distinct from research), stressing the meaning of evaluation in terms of context and timing and the crucial role of the evaluator. Chapter 4 examines the critical role of criteria, standards, and indicators in designing and conducting evaluation studies. The special problems of developing and applying evaluation criteria within the international technical assistance system are also discussed. Chapter 5 discusses basic procedural steps common to all evaluations, and chapter 6 focuses on the evaluation issues that are most problematic in enhancing efficiency in educational assistance programs in developing nations. The final chapter offers a summary and recommendations. (Contains 101 references.) (LMI)