People's beliefs about the origins of their health, sometimes referred to as health locus of control, have been shown to influence a variety of important behaviors. The purpose of this study was to explore the structure of the health locus of control beliefs of children, using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales. Two samples of 4th- through 6th-grade students were utilized to allow for cross-validation of results. The first group had 780 subjects, the second group had 524 subjects. Confirmatory methods were employed in this study. Factor I emerged as a construct that might be labeled "Personal Initiative." The two items with the highest factor loadings were "If I take the right actions, I can stay healthy" and "If I take care of myself I can avoid illness." Factor II might be labeled "Luck" or "Chance" and the two items associated with this factor were "My good health is mostly a matter of good luck" and "Luck is mostly what determines how soon I will recover from an illness." Factor III might be labeled "Power of Others" since loadings suggested possible distinctions between the perceived power of doctors and other health care providers. The two items with the largest loadings were "I can only do what my doctor tells me to do about my health" and "Doctors and nurses control my health." (Contains 34 references and 5 tables.) (ABL)