The speech of five native English-speakers and five native Japanese-speaking learners of English as a Second Language was analyzed for use of "will" and "going to" in certain contexts. Subjects were asked to tell their summer plans and to express their expectations of changes in Japan and the United States in the next few years. Results indicate that in discussing immediate plans, both native speakers (NS) and non-native speakers (NNS) prefer "will" over "going to," with NS using the "I'll" contraction at times and the NNS not using it at all. No instances of negative forms of the two expressions were found. In making predictions, NS used "going to" far more than "will," while NNS used "will" infrequently and "going to" not at all. Evidence supporting the plausibility of a future action and its relationship to the choice of form used was also examined in both contexts. It is concluded that two claims made previously about the choice to use "will" and "going to" are either inconclusive or unsubstantiated by this study. Areas for future research are outlined. A brief bibliography is included. The conversations are provided in four appendixes. (MSE)