This paper presents an overview of the developmental disabilities associated with pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, and examines efficacious practices for assessment and intervention programming. The focus population is early childhood into school age. The paper describes the complex array of challenges presented by these children, and cites statistics on the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in pediatric populations. Symptoms of HIV-related infection are described, such as compromised health and developmental delays in motor skills, language, and cognitive ability. The purposes of developmental assessment are outlined, and challenges in assessing the pediatric HIV population are discussed in terms of child factors, family factors, and instrument or evaluator factors. For those carrying out assessment procedures special considerations are called for, such as being concise, being flexible, and conducting frequent assessments. Selection of assessment instruments should be based on the child's age and level of functioning and on professional judgment. A comprehensive school-based developmental program combining such services as regular and special education, physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, health and medication monitoring by a nurse, counseling, behavior management, and social work is recommended. (Contains 20 references.) (JDD)