The acquisition and the application of mental skills in sports and non-sport settings are discussed in this paper. The paper opens with an overview of the situation in Sweden; it is noted that 25% of the Swedish population have used mental training programs and that in the future all Swedes will have experienced such programs, since basic mental training has become part of the curriculum. The research background that led to the development of systematic mental training is discussed, focusing on the investigation of a state of awareness and consciousness appropriate for optimal change and growth and on identification of the right content for mental training. Four areas of mental skills for peak performance are identified: self-image (self-confidence, self-evaluation, and self-esteem); goal-images (knowing where to go and commitment to the goal); attitude (reality-testing and reality-interpretation); and control (to identify, produce, and control mental skills such as relaxation). Examples of sports skills and life skills training are complemented by findings from evaluations. It is concluded that, in a time where the benefits of sport are questioned by an increasing number of people, it should be important to point to the role of sport and mental training as a device for personal growth or as a model for life. Twelve references, and 14 figures illustrating the text are included. (ABL)