The current progress of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is examined, and its background is summarized. Federally financed since the late 1960's, the NAEP is a survey of U.S. students' achievment in various subject areas. As an indicator of change in elementary and secondary educational achievement, it has received attention with regard to measuring progress toward the National Education Goals. Until recently, assessments have been conducted for the nation as a whole and by region, but not on a state or local basis. However, a voluntary state demonstration project was authorized for 1990 and 1992 assessments to determine whether valid and reliable data could be obtained at the state level; preliminary information should be available by the summer of 1991. The NAEP was given its statutory basis in 1978, was last amended in 1988, and is presently authorized through 1993. It is currently conducted by the Educational Testing Service under contract with the National Center for Education Statistics. (SLD)