This document summarizes a study that found a decline in the economic well-being of black children and families over the period from 1960 to 1985. Census figures were analyzed by region and for 45 metropolitan areas. The following key findings are reported: (1) the increase in the number of female-headed households is only one of several factors that have caused the increase in poverty among black children; (2) black families of every type suffered a decline in economic status; (3) young families are most likely to be poor because of a drop in employment and earnings for workers in their 20s; (4) children born to young never-married mothers who live in economically depressed areas and receive public assistance are most at risk of long-term poverty; (5) black children who live in the North are more likely to be poor in 1984 than in 1969, and their families are more likely to be categorized as the "dependent poor," deriving most of their income from public assistance; and (6) the economic status of black children who live in the South improved slightly between 1969 and 1984, and when their families are below the poverty line, they are more likely to be categorized as "working poor" rather than "dependent poor." The implications of the findings for the Family Support Act (FSA) are discussed. Areas for further research are suggested. Statistical data are presented in four graphs. (FMW)