This book identifies the components of physical fitness that are related to positive health as distinct from the simple performance of specific motor tasks. The positive health concept is expanded to further clarify the relationship of physical fitness to total fitness. The disciplinary knowledge base that is essential for fitness professionals is reviewed, and strategies for improving physical fitness are identified. Ways are also suggested for safely and efficiently administering fitness programs. Chapter titles are: (1) Fitness, Lifestyle, and Health; (2) Evaluation of Health Status; (3) Exercise Physiology; (4) Anatomy and Kinesiology; (5) Relative Leanness; (6) Cardiorespiratory Fitness; (7) Strength, Endurance, and Flexibility; (8) Relaxation and Arousal; (9) Exercise Programming for Aerobic Activity; (10) Energy Costs of Activity; (11) Exercise Programs; (12) ECG and Medications; (13) Behavior Modification; (14) Injury Prevention and Treatment; and (15) Administrative Concerns. Suggested readings are presented at the end of each chapter and references are provided for the health professional. (JD)