Although many Canadians feel that responsibility for occupational training rests within the educational system, this is not the case. Recent analysis indicates that almost 70 percent of job-related courses are given on-site as compared to 30 percent at educational institutions. Because the private sector in Canada makes very substantial investments in training, it is vitally important that government policy be complementary to private sector activities. Improved communication among schools, students, and employers will not, in itself, resolve issues of training; the various participants must resolve their substantially different expectations and goals if they are to achieve truly effective integration. Government training programs have, at times, been characterized by uncertain and sometimes contradictory objectives; have had particular difficulties in targeting the clients and skills that they need to address; and have, for a variety of reasons, been unable to make a quick response to changing labor market conditions and needs. Despite its promise, the apprenticeship system in Canada is simply not delivering what it does in some other countries; therefore, it should either be reformed on a major scale or policymakers should cease to regard it as a major training vehicle and should provide alternative routes to skilled trades certification. A summary of the findings and policy implications is provided in both English and French. (MN)