The papers in this monograph address an issue of importance to educational policy and practice: the use of testing and evaluation to assess the quality of education and to facilitate school improvement. The authors consider the traditional role that testing has played in accountability and the role that assessment and evaluation can and should play in improving teaching and learning; they point out some of the problems and limits of current evaluation practices and call for new approaches that will broaden perspectives on schooling and contribute to the usefulness of the evaluation enterprise. The four papers are: (1) "Evaluating Educational Quality: A Rational Design," by Eva L. Baker; (2) "Beyond Outcome Measures: An Agenda for School Improvement," by John Goodlad; (3) "Using Educational Evaluation for the Improvement of California Schools," by Elliot Eisner; and (4) "The Influence of Testing on Teaching and Learning," by Norman Frederiksen. (BW)