The Science Assessment Research Project assessed the science achievement and attitudes of 18,000 9-, 13-, and 17-year-old students nationwide. This study investigated the attitudes of a random sample of 1,955 17-year-old students' attitudes toward women in science as indicated by responses to seven Likert items administered during the assessment. Specific research questions addressed were: (1) What are the attitudes of secondary school youth toward women as scientists? (2) Are these attitudes different for males and females? (3) At what age do they originate? (4) What are some of the correlates of adolescents' attitudes toward the role of women in science? (5) What is the potential for such attitudes influencing science career choices? Among the findings reported are those indicating that, in general, 17-year-olds expressed a positive attitude toward the role of women in science and that girls expressed significantly more positive attitudes toward women in science than did boys. Similar findings were noted when these results were compared to those of 13-year-olds, suggesting that the male sex-bias attitude is stable across age group (and race). Although the source of the sex-bias attitude remains unknown, it seems to be related to slightly lower ability. (JN)