A source document, illustrated with many black and white photographs of tribe members and activities, provides a brief history of the American Indian tribes, now called the Flatheads, living on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana and describes some of their cultural traditions, particularly their ceremonial dances. The booklet traces the epidemics, wars, and treaties leading up to the concentration of the Salish, Pend d'Oreilles, and Kalispel tribes on the Flathead Reservation. The economic life of the Salish, involving food gathering and hunting habits, is described. Tribal leadership is discussed and the names of head chiefs until 1957 are listed. The coming of the Blackrobes (Jesuit priests) in 1820 and the subsequent growth of missions are detailed. Incidents in the Indian-federal government relationship dealing with treaties and the establishment of the reservation are related through anecdotes by tribal members. Descriptions of many ceremonial traditions and dances, including the memorial dances, canvas dance, scalp dance, lost article dance, war dances, round dance, prairie chicken dance, fancy dance, and snake dance, are provided. (NEC)