This document analyzes science and technology activities in the United States and their relationships to the efforts of other major industrialized countries. Major areas addressed in the seven chapters are: (1) international science and technology (considering national investments in research and development--R&D, outputs of R&D, international technology and trade flows, and international scientific cooperation); (2) support for United States research and development (examining national expenditures for R&D and trends in federal support for R&D); (3) science and engineering (SE) personnel; (4) industrial science and technology (considering scientists and engineers in industry, expenditures for R&D in U.S. industry, patented inventions, small business and technological progress, and university-industry cooperation in R&D); (5) academic SE (examining magnitude and characteristics of the system, and resources for and outcomes of academic SE); (6) public attitudes toward science and technology (focusing on general attitudes toward science and technology, public preferences and expectations, attitudes toward specific issues, and nongovernment science policy leaders and the attentive public); and (7) advances in such science and engineering areas as prime numbers, surfaces, cognitive development in early childhood, and exploring the ocean floor. (Detailed statistical tables are included in an appendix.) (JN)