This literature review discusses enuresis from various etiological formulations: pyschoanalytic and psychodynamic; medical and physiological; and behavioral. Both historical and current perspectives on a definition of enuresis are offered. Treatment methodologies are reviewed. An emphasis is placed on the ruling out of medical causes before any treatment is begun. Drug therapy, behavior modification, psychotherapeutic intervention, bladder training, and the use of machines (Enutone) are discussed as possible types of treatment. (BL)