This paper explores the background history and sources of the Afghanistan collection at the University Library, University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO). Credit for the impetus behind the development of the collection is given to Chris Jung, a former UNO geography/geology faculty member; Ronald Roskens, then UNO chancellor; and the Afghanistan Studies Association (ASA), a group of North American scholars. It is noted that the core Afghan collection was donated to UNO in 1974 by Arthur Paul, a former noted Afghan studies scholar. Also examined are the acquisition and processing of materials, the availability of those materials to users, and the collection's current status in relation to Afghanistan holdings in other North American libraries. Special emphasis is given to a description of the preparation of Pushto and Dari language materials for entry on the OCLC database. A brief discussion of future directions for the Afghan collection concludes the paper. (Author/ESR)