The 10th annual Survey of Graduate Science and Engineering Students and Postdoctorates requested data from all institutions of higher education in the United States in which there was at least one science or engineering program leading to a master's or doctoral degree (separate forms for medical and health-related programs were included). These data are presented in detailed statistical tables provided in five parts labeled A-E. The first part includes summary data for all institutions, both doctorate- and master's-granting for fall 1981. The second part presents summary trend statistics for all institutions, 1975-1981. The third and fourth parts show trend data for doctorate-granting institutions (1974-1981) and master's-granting institutions (1975-1981). The tables in the last part present rankings of doctorate- and master's-granting institutions based on selected variables (including sex and race) as well as total departmental coverage for each year. Also provided are technical notes, classification of institutions, and copies of 1981 survey forms (together with survey instructions and summaries of institutional responses by broad science/engineering field, highest level of degree granted, and type of institution). (JN)