The relationship of public policy and independent higher education is examined, and the antecedents of an intentional public policy are traced. A comprehensive public policy for the independent sector, which was issued in 1974 by the National Council of Independent Colleges and Universities (NCICU) is discussed in the context of social ideals and economic impact. In addition, issues identified in the 1974 statement, entitled "A National Policy for Private Higher Education," are compared with those stated in 1982 by the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (NAICU). The case for preserving a dual system of higher education is predicated on the social ideals of pluralism, diversity, and freedom of choice. There are also the quantitative considerations of economic impact on college communities and the minimization of state expenditures for higher education. Independent colleges have a particularly strong impact on small towns and rural areas, especially the church related colleges. Issues addressed by the policy statements include: tuition offset grants, federal incentive grants, student financial aid, income and tax laws that encourage philanthropic giving, federal regulation, support for academic research, and medical education. NAICU's policy statements also addressed state legislatures separate from the federal government. (SW)