The effects of four educational benefit programs for military personnel were tested nationwide. The four benefit programs included a control or baseline contributory program, the Veterans Educational Assistance Program (VEAP); a second contribution program offering enhanced kickers in the Army, the Ultra VEAP; and two noncontributory plans, the Noncontributory VEAP and a tuition/stipend program. (In a contributory program, the service member contributes to an educational fund with the government matching the contribution at a set ratio. Any enlistee can participate in VEAP; for the other programs, an enlistee must meet a high quality criterion and enter a specified, critical specialty.) The largest estimated response appeared in the Ultra VEAP program that increased Army enlistments by 9 percent. Effects for the noncontributory VEAP program were small. The tuition/stipend program increased Navy and Air Force enlistments by 5 to 8 percent. It also reduced Army enlistments by 6 percent, since the Army could not offer greater benefits than the other services as it does in VEAP. It was shown that educational benefits could produce significant increases in high quality enlistments but lead to a drop in the number of high quality Army enlistments. (YLB)