This investigation focused on the question of the sex of the teacher and perceptions of primary school students toward school, their teachers, and programs. A review is presented of recent studies on the need and availability of male sex role symbols for boys, the effect of teachers (male or female) on students of both sexes, and the effect of teachers (male or female) on black students. An analysis of the reports from these studies concludes with the suggestions that: (1) schools need to develop environments and programs of study that reduce stereotyped roles; (2) primary school teachers need preservice and inservice assistance in creating and implementing environments that positively encourage children of both sexes; (3) teachers of both genders should be made available as role models; and (4) the employment of minority persons of both sexes in schools should be encouraged. It is emphasized that teachers' behavior and expectations of students, regardless of their sex or racial origin, are key elements in effective primary education. (JD)