Many studies have cited the debilitating effect of math-related anxiety on achievement and vocational choice. To investigate the efficacy of cognitive behavior modification in the treatment of mathematics anxiety, 44 subjects were recruited from a high school and 2 colleges. The students were divided into two groups, a cognitive behavior modification treatment group and a waiting control group. As expected, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in mathematics anxiety. Their monitoring of negative self-statements and relaxation apparently was successful, although adolescent boys had difficulty relating to the relaxation and imagery process. The results also suggested a profile of the typical math-anxious person, i.e., a female with less parental encouragement to study mathematics and a less-educated mother. The findings indicate that programs designed to deal with the problem of mathematics anxiety, however, need to be addressed to both sexes. (Author/JAC)