Theorists concerned with issues of social justice assert that ideology plays a substantial role in mediating perceptions of injustice and feelings of relative deprivation. To investigate the impact of feminism and religious fundamentalism on the perception of injustice in the content of sex differences in a study of traditional religious practices, 121 Jewish women were questioned about their perception of injustice, their sense of personal deprivation (limited personal opportunity for Talmudic study) and fraternal deprivation (sex differences in access to Talmudic study are unfair to women), and their desire for change in this religious area. Both positive attitudes towards feminism and low religious fundamentalism significantly increased the likelihood of a sense of personal deprivation and desire for change. Subjects scoring high on religious fundamentalism were less likely to desire increased opportunities for Talmudic study. Ideology did not impact on subjects' awareness of existing sex differences but did affect the way these differences were interpreted. The results highlight the importance of ideology as a mediator of the perception of injustice. (Author/JAC)