The material looks at: 1) Choosing a Clinical Test; 2) Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests; 3) Multi-Disease and Multi-Test Analysis; and 4) Medical Decision Analysis. It is felt users will be able to: 1) calculate the predictive value of a positive or negative test result in model clinical situations; 2) estimate the sensitivity and specificity required from a test for a desired certainty of diagnosis; 3) analyze alternative modes of using multiple tests and choose the mode that optimizes the information gained about a single disease or group of diseases; 4) describe a clinical situation in terms of decision points and probabilistic events connected in a decision tree; and 5) evaluate overall strategies of diagnosis and treatment in terms of probabilities, costs, and benefits of outcomes. Exercises and a sample exam are included, with answers to both provided. (MP)