This article describes the organization, functions, and components of the Defense Language Institute. The test division is responsible for aptitude, achievement, and proficiency tests and for test development in a variety of resident and non-resident programs. The progress that has been made over a 10-year period is also described and special attention is given to the basic course design document published in 1979. This document stipulates that resident courses will include module tests, qualifying tests and final examinations. Because module tests must reflect the content of the learning module, the module test design incorporates standardized test formats where feasible and derives the test specifications from the learning objectives of the module. An example is provided in the form of the test specifications for the written interpretation exercise for Module #1 of the Korean Basic Course. Qualifying tests, that is, tests used for making personnel decisions concerning retention in training, are also described. The test includes listening comprehension, situational response stimuli, reading comprehension, vocabulary identification, and general comprehension. The speaking test used is an oral interview requiring only one examiner. (AMH)