The primary focus of organization in Turkish society has been the extended family, with an emphasis on family loyalty and an extremely centralized authority. To study the relationships among levels of supervision in relation to personality and cultural influence, 69 subjects (foremen and department heads) were drawn from three small Turkish industries. Several measures of personality and leadership style were applied. In addition each man was rated by his immediate supervisor. Results showed that the department head set the general style of supervision for all those below him regardless of personality, suggesting that the department head obtains his leadership style primarily from the managers above him. These findings are consistent with Turkish culture, in contrast to American culture in which an individual's leadership style arises from a combination of the style of those above him and his own personality. (JAC)