This paper presents a comparative analysis of eight research projects funded by the Administration on Aging during the 1970s which focused on the family as caregivers and support systems for elderly relatives. A brief description is provided for each project analyzed in this report as well as highlights of major findings, including that the family remains the primary provider of support to the elderly members in time of illness, emergency, or crisis and the primary caregiver for emotional, psychological, and other dependency needs. Documentation of the extent and scope of care is provided and cultural, racial, and ethnic factors which help to shape the family role are discussed. Results are presented which dispel several myths about the demise of the family support system and which suggest a close connection between conjugal families, made viable by mutuality of relationships and reciprocity. Findings from two studies are presented that explore the types of assistance families prefer to enable them to provide better care for their elderly. Implications for policymakers and service providers are also discussed. (NRB)