Applying matrix organizational structure to the organization of special education services is the focus of this paper. Beginning with a list of ways in which educational organizations differ from business or military organizations, the author warns that educators must be cautious when transferring organizational structures from other disciplines to education. He then examines current and emerging forces on education to illuminate the question of whether traditional organizational structures for schools are still appropriate. The history of special education is then reviewed, focusing on the shift from segregation of the handicapped to placement in the "least restrictive alternative," with an emphasis on the new demands this has placed on the organization of special education. Avoiding a definition of matrix organizational structure, the author instead demonstrates how two different matrix organizational structures might be applicable to special education. Under one such organization, the common supervisor would be the superintendent of instruction and matrix managers would be the supervisor of special education and the building level principal. Advantages and disadvantages of the organization are listed. Finally, the author recommends that matrix organization be considered for its efficacy in addressing some of the emerging concerns in special education. (Author/JM)