The Human Resources and Demographics staff study for the Joint Economic Committee's Special Study on Economic Change presents demographic data to support the position that it will take a strong economy to enable the United States to utilize its human resources. Data are presented, in narrative format, on fertility, population, characteristics of the labor force, and the structure of employment. The statistics indicate that lower birth rates, slower population growth, and the aging of the American society will characterize the 1980s and will change the complexion of the work force and the employment structure of the nation. Recommendations for policy formation are included. (MK)