Provisional conclusions concerning the interpenetration of social and physical aspects of rural planning research, conducted by the School of Planning (Ahmedabad, India) are considered in this report. Three principal elements whose implementation and maintenance determine physical development are identified: (1) improvements in infrastructure; (2) effective resource utilization; and (3) alternative employments for land, labor, and capital. The outstanding conclusion from the village studies and documentations is described as a general lack of effective organization for the implementation and maintenance of the elements, which the traditional patronage system of administration no longer provides. Coordination of local development efforts of marketing cooperatives, national political and social welfare organizations, and collective land ownership societies are suggested as functional alternatives to the ineffective traditional system, with education in administration being a necessary prerequisite for successfully implementing land redistribution. Case material on the partly-tribal Panchmahals District of northeastern Gujarat, including discussions of land holdings, caste and crop production, indebtedness, and agriculture and government development activities are included for the sake of illustration. (JD)