This examination of the impact of primary sources on the recording of history includes a short background section noting the development of interest in these sources, and a presentation of their characteristics and the various types that are available. A discussion of primary sources in research, prefaced by some examples of their use, traces trends in specialized archival institutions in professional associations, academic environments, business, and genealogy. Finally, oral history is examined in terms of its benefits as a unique primary source, common criticisms, and the need for evaluation of recorded materials. A 72-item bibliography concludes the paper. (SW)