Few empirical studies have specifically examined antecedents and consequences of reversing childrearing roles. A sample of 59 white, intact, middle-class families with a preschool-aged child, 32 with boys and 27 with girls, was studied. Also explored were the father's sex-role orientation and selected paternal behaviors and attitudes. It was found that the degree of paternal involvement in childrearing was positively correlated with the child's internality and with the father's efforts to stimulate the cognitive growth of his child, particularly his daughter. The father's role in childrearing was unrelated to his sex-role orientation which was as masculine for the men who were prime caregivers as it was for those whose wives were filling that role. (Author)