This paper reviews social science literature and trends indicated by poll data to examine the political status of women and the extent of their political participation. It is presented in four major sections. Section I summarizes research and presents statistics concerning women's (1) participation in political activities such as voting, lobbying, attending conventions, and running for public office; (2) political skills; and (3) attainment of public office on national and local levels. Section II identifies an ideology of sexism which guides all social and political activity in the country. In terms of this concept, the author reviews women's nurturant role in society, their values as feminine citizens with greatest interest in moral issues, and the specialization of their functions as elected officials in Congress and state legislatures. Section III explores the consequences of sex-role stereotyping in politics for political democracy and social policy in the United States. Section IV reviews social policy issues which affect women's political behavior. The general issue of women's liberation is emphasized in the discussion. (AV)