The research related to laboratory work in science instruction is reviewed in this position paper. The history of the laboratory is outlined from its roots in the nineteenth century, and the goals of the laboratory are enumerated from a review of the literature. Research findings are critically analyzed regarding the effectiveness of laboratory instruction and suggestions are made for overcoming the limitations observed in the studies to date. Specific areas identified as having high potential relevance for research on teaching and learning in the laboratory are reviewed, and suggestions are synthesized for the clarification of the role of the laboratory in science education. (GS)