This publication is intended for educational planners, administrators, and decision-makers who are confronted in their daily work with the demanding task of bringing about changes in education in order to adapt it to the requirements of modern society. The publication includes studies presented at a Unesco meeting in October 1977 by a group of senior government officials responsible for educational reforms in member nations, along with additional studies supplied by other eminent writers. It is divided into three parts. Part 1 is devoted to the problems of educational reforms and particularly to the translation of policy options into concrete action. This part is subdivided into two sections: the working paper of the expert meeting, prepared by the secretariat in the form of an annotated agenda for use by the participants at the meeting; and the final report adopted at the end of this meeting. Part 2 is devoted to a number of particularly important aspects of the problems raised by educational reform. Part 3 consists of several case studies based on experiments in educational reform carried out in a number of countries situated in various parts of the world and differing widely from each other socioeconomically and culturally. (Author/MLF)