Materials concerning the 1978 national college entrance examination in the People's Republic of China are presented. This was the first nationally standardized test taken in China since the Cultural Revolution began in 1966. The examination contained tests in eight subjects: mathematics, physics, chemistry, politics, history, geography, Chinese language, and foreign language. This report includes English translations of the official review outline for the 1978 examination (essentially a syllabus designed to help students prepare for the examination) and the actual tests in six of the eight subjects (geography, Chinese language, and foreign language other than English are not included). Commentaries by American specialists on the material related to the various subjects assess the level of knowledge reflected in the available 1978 Chinese materials and, as feasible, compare it with the level of knowledge in that subject expected of prospective college entrants in the United States who have completed the usual college preparatory course in American secondary education. Commentators also compare the content of the 1978 outline with the relevant portion of the national college entrance examination outline used in China in 1959 to determine what changes may have come about in each of the eight subjects as a result of the Cultural Revolution and to provide information about academic standards since the Cultural Revolution. The scope of material covered by the examination and the preparation for and conduct of the examination are also summarized. The commentators are Michael Lindsay, Frederich W. Mote, Frank J. Swetz, John W. Layman, Marjorie Gardner, Chang-tu Hu, Clifton W. Pannell, and Timothy Light. (SW)