Although there are several fine education and training programs in our nation's correctional institutions, most are substandard. There are two primary reasons for this: the confusion existing in our society over the purposes of imprisonment and the effects of reform on the correctional system. The focus of correction is continually shifting as reform movements exert their influence. Robert Martinson's work, extensively cited and attacked, suggests that "rehabilitation efforts have had very little effect on recidivism." Optional Programming, the policy guiding the Bureau of Prisons' activities, allows optional inmate participation in vocational programs due to the belief that forced attendance may cause resistance. Optional Programming allows inmates to choose from a wide variety of programs with the hope that the chances for successful post-release adjustment will be increased. Continued support for education and training in corrections depends on tying education and training to the work program of the institution. Improvement of educational programs rests in staff education and development, upgrading job qualifications, and improving job benefits and salary. The success of a strong base for education, training, and work in prisons depends on the ability of the staff to recognize its importance. (A series of questions, to which the author responds, relating to employment opportunities, career counseling, and vocational placement are included.) (FP)