To establish diagnostic criteria, 12 fire-raising or pyromaniac children (7-15 years old) were compared with 12 control students matched for age, sex, and intellect. Six diagnostic procedures, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Lowenstein Fire Raising Diagnostic Test, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, were used to differentiate fire-raising from non fire-raising Ss. Six of the fire-raising Ss participated in three behavior-oriented treatment sessions designed to decondition the behavior through aversion therapy, a reactive inhibition approach, educational therapy, and environmental manipulation and counseling. Among results were that only the Lowenstein Fire Raising Diagnostic Test differentiated the fire-raising from the non fire-raising Ss; that the experimental procedures appeared to be superior to control methods; and that the result was maintained after a 5-year followup. (CL)