This monograph describes techniques and methods which may be used by parents, teachers, and other educators who are working to make schools more responsive to students from different language and cultural backgrounds. Emphasis is placed on the techniques and methods used by anthropological fieldworkers to study culture and their usefulness in solving culturally based educational problems. A review of the basic techniques includes a discussion of: (1) their purposes and strengths; (2) the steps involved in using them; (3) the limitations of various techniques and some cautions about their use; and (4) suggested learning projects which can be used by educators to practice the techniques. The basic techniques covered include participation, observation, recording, interviewing, event analysis, life history, and written essays. Major phases in a research project and ethical issues which should be considered in such a project are also discussed. (EB)