The scientific method is described as intending to be the guarantor of objectivity, neutrality, and diligent application of its rigorous procedures and to produce a body of cumulative knowledge that is systematic and general. The central argument of this essay addresses the discovery that research findings appear to be context-dependent; methods of the traditional model of science are inappropriate to the study of context-dependent phenomena. Models that may provide a better fit between research methods and phenomena of interest, namely the context-dependence of human meaning and action, are described as available and deserving of attention. A number of these alternative approaches and methods that may be more appropriate are described. These methods are drawn from ecological psychology, phenomenological research, sociolinguistics, and ethnomethodology. It is concluded that these methods vary among themselves, and each has its own problems, but they do provide a range of possibilities for rethinking ways of conducting scientific research. (Author/RD)