This report analyzes and compares information on educational achievements of minorities in the USSR. It also reviews and assesses Soviet educational policy for nationalities and suggests some areas for further study. Data are based on the USSR 1970 All-Union Census and later evidence. National minorities in the USSR have historically been guaranteed rights and freedom of choice in language of instruction. In 1970, Georgians and Jews had superior achievements, the Georgians because of favored status during Stalin's era, and Jews because of a high concentration in urban areas. Since 1970, the undergraduate level shows an increase in enrollment for all minorities except Georgians and Jews. At the graduate level there was a general decline but a larger percentage of Asian minorities enrolled. The drastic decline of Jews reflects Soviet educational policy and discriminatory quotas, causing them to seek emigration. Trends show increased opportunity for some groups. However, fewer specialists are being trained because of reduced enrollment of students from educationally motivated groups. In summary, there has been a major effort to provide education for non-Russian ethnic groups, with bilingual options available. Problems needing attention include the quality difference between urban and rural schools, cultural divisiveness within some groups leading to less schooling for women and a negative view of education, lack of trained technological manpower, severity of graduating and admissions exams, and a declining birth rate among well-educated groups coupled with an increase of those with less motivation. (CK)