The paper explores sex-role determinants of interpersonal interaction and reviews various theories of equity in human interaction. Equity is interpreted as occurring in human interaction when all participants in a relationship receive equal outcomes relative to their inputs. The document is presented in four major sections. Section I reviews literature dealing with reward behaviors. Findings from research studies indicate that males most often prefer allocating rewards on the basis of performance and that females prefer distributing rewards equally regardless of performance. Section II examines how sex-role socialization influences different responses by males and females to rewards. Section III discusses an experiment which tested competing hypotheses concerning reward allocation under conditions of inequity. Specifically, the experiment measured reward allocation patterns of 40 female college students and compared these patterns to the students' preferences for a feminine, masculine, or androgenous sex-role. Section IV presents findings including that women are increasingly adopting behaviors which have been traditionally considered as competitive and masculine. The conclusion is that although differential sex-role socialization of men and women accounts for different patterns of human interaction, sex differences reported in many previous studies may no longer hold true as traditional sex roles for men and women continue to change. (DB)