This paper argues that ethnic status is a source of inequality conceptually independent from social class status. Many parallels exist between the development of measures and concepts for social class inequality and for ethnic inequality. Three measures of ethnic rank described in this paper correspond to dimensions of power, prestige, and wealth which have been used previously in measuring social inequality. By using three measures of ethnic rank, it is possible to compare the situation of identical ethnic groups in different countries and to compare different societies in relation to the amount of ethnic inequality within them. (1) Demographic characteristics of ethnic groups can be added to the measurement of ethnic social standing which is directly analogous to occupational prestige. These predictors estimate the social standings of ethnic groups within a particular country. (2) A power dimension can measure whether various ethnic groups are represented in institutions to the same degree that they are represented in the population served by that institution. (3) "Payoff" tables can measure the extent to which members of different ethnic groups are rewarded, either by income or occupational prestige, for equivalent performance. Finally, the amount of inequality within a society may be measured by applying an index of income inequality using the total income of each individual ethnic group. Using these measures, the authors calculate and compare social class inequality and ethnic inequality in Israel and Quebec. (KC)