This report presents data concerned with: (1) the feasibility of a home-based instructional program for disadvantaged 4 and 5 year old children in Israel, administered by non-professional aides, and (2) the effectiveness of such a program as reflected in (a) the academic and intellectual gains of children involved, and (b) the spill-over effects to other members of the family and community. The program incorporated mothers, non-professional aides, a professional coordinator, a director, kindergarten teachers and the use of structured materials. The effectiveness of the program was examined under varying conditions: locus and duration of instruction, and point of entry into the program. The locus of instruction was either the child's home or the child's kindergarten class. Comparison of intellectual and academic achievement scores for the three groups (home instruction, teacher instruction, uninstructed controls) indicated that the home instruction treatment was the most effective of the three. Evaluation of spill-over effects in the community was based on spontaneous on-going reports of all participants. From these it was evident that there had been some impact on the community. (Author/EB)