There is a movement toward educational decentralization in Australia that is bringing more power to communities in the governing of schools. This report discusses this movement and summarizes the issues and conclusions emerging from the National Conference on School-based Decision-making. An introductory chapter sets the movement in the context of past and present decision-making in Australian schools and argues that school-based decision-making will make schools more responsive, efficient, and effective. Chapter 2 summarizes significant developments toward school-based decision-making in both government and nongovernment schools. Chapter 3 discusses major issues surrounding school-based decision-making such as the tension between diversity and equality, the difference between devolution (decentralization) and true participation, and the structures to be set up for school-based decision-making. Chapter 4 focuses on areas for decision-making such as curriculum, staffing, school-based funding, accountability, and evaluation. Chapter 5 outlines conditions necessary for successful establishment of school-based decision-making, including clarification of goals, adequate preparation, and communication. Chapter 6 summarizes conclusions of the conference about action necessary on the state, national, and school level. (Author/JM)